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mos-al-202a t ec hnical man ual re vision: 1.0
contentscontents ii 1 intr oduction 1 1.1 what to expect from the mos-al-202a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2 what not to expect from the mos-al-202a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.3 setup for t esting w ith a pc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.4 setup for t esting w ith a basic stamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.5 t rying out the mos-al-202a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.6 t echnical support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2 connections 4 2.1 connector pinout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2.1.1 po wer connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2.1.2 fi v e v olt modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2.2 communication connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2.2.1 rs-232 communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2.2.2 ttl communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2.3 set baud rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2.4 general purpose outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3 issuing commands 11 3.1 issuing commands from a basic stamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 3.2 on numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 3.3 ascii characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 3.4 example command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 4 t ext commands 16 4.1 introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 4.2 the built in character f ont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 4.3 command list . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 4.3.1 auto line wrap on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 4.3.2 auto line wrap of f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 4.3.3 set cursor position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 4.3.4 send cursor home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 4.3.5 t urn on underline cursor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 4.3.6 t urn of f underline cursor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 4.3.7 cursor left . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 4.3.8 cursor right . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 4.3.9 auto scroll on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 4.3.10 auto scroll of f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 4.3.11 t urn on blinking block cursor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 4.3.12 t urn of f blinking block cursor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 4.3.13 clear display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 matrix orbital mos-al-202a ii
5 bar graphs and special characters 21 5.1 introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 5.2 command list . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 5.2.1 dra w v ertical bar graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 5.2.2 load startup screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 5.2.3 dene custom character . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 5.2.4 initialize horizontal bar graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 5.2.5 initialize medium digits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 5.2.6 dra w medium digits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 5.2.7 initialize narro w v ertical bar graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 5.2.8 initialize w ide v ertical bar graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 5.2.9 dra w horizontal bar graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 5.2.10 remember custom character . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 6 display functions 28 6.1 introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 6.2 command list . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 6.2.1 backlight on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 6.2.2 backlight of f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 6.2.3 set contrast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 6.2.4 set and sa v e contrast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 6.2.5 set and sa v e backlight brightness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 6.2.6 set backlight brightness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 7 gpo functions 31 7.1 introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 7.2 command list . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 7.2.1 general purpose output of f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 7.2.2 general purpose output on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 7.2.3 remember gpo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 8 communications section 32 8.1 introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 8.2 command list . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 8.2.1 enter flo w control mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 8.2.2 exit flo w control mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 9 miscellaneous commands 34 9.1 introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 9.2 command list . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 9.2.1 set serial number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 9.2.2 read serial number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 9.2.3 read v ersion number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 9.2.4 read module t ype . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 9.2.5 remember . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 matrix orbital mos-al-202a iii
10 command summary 37 10.1 t e xt commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 10.2 bar graphs and special characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 10.3 display functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 10.4 gpo functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 10.5 communications section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 10.6 miscellaneous commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 11 a ppendix: specications and options 41 11.1 specications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 11.2 options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 12 a ppendix: glossary 44 matrix orbital mos-al-202a i v
1 intr oduction the display is designed as the display unit for an associated controller . the controller may be an ything from a single board, special purpose micro-controller to a pc, depending on the application. this controller is responsible for what is displayed on the screen of the display . the display pro vides a simple command structure to allo w te xt and bar graphs to be displayed on the screen. t e xt fonts are b uilt in, and use standard ascii mapping. pro vision is made for up to 8 user dened characters. the screen is luminous for lo w light situations. display may be turned on or of f under program control. brightness is adjustable to compensate for dif fering lighting conditions. general purpose outputs allo w the controller to switch up to three electronic or electro-mechanical de- vices by issuing commands to the display unit. these can be used for controlling leds, relays, etc.. 1.1 what to expect fr om the mos-al-202a the mos-al-202a comes equipped with the follo wing features: 20 column by 2 line te xt lcd display built in font with pro vision for up to 8 user dened characters 9600bps or a lighting f ast 19.2 kbps serial communication speed communication o v er rs-232 or ttl fully b uf fered so that no delays in transmission are necessary ability to add a customized splash / startup screen softw are controlled brightness with congurable time-out setting up to 90 minutes 32 le v els of softw are contrast control three general purpose outputs for a v ariety of applications horizontal or v ertical bar graphs medium digit capability 1.2 what not to expect fr om the mos-al-202a the display does not include bitmap graphics capability , e xcept that permitted by dening special char - acters.1.3 setup f or t esting with a pc no te t o test the module with a pc, the appropriate cable will need to be ordered or created accordingly . before setting up the application, the user may w ant to try out the display . when connected to a pc, the follo wing will be required: a 4-pin po wer connector of the type used to connect 3.5" opp y dri v e. t ak e care not to connect the display to an unmodied spare po wer connector in a pc. matrix orbital mos-al-202a 1
a 5v po wer supply . a pc with a spare rs-232 port (com1 or com2). a custom cable is required for connection from the pc com port to the display . this custom cable can be ordered directly from matrix orbital or from one of our distrib utors. the display connection is a four pin header . this header consists of po wer , rx, tx and ground as sho wn in figure 4. figure 1: connections for t esting 1. refer to figure 1 for the follo wing steps. 2. w ire the connector to the po wer supply . on most connectors the red lead will go to +5v and the bla ck lead to gnd. w arning the manuf acturer' s w arranty becomes v oid if the unit is subjected to o v er -v oltage or re v ersed polarity . 3. connect the display to the pc using the serial cable and adapter if required. mak e sure the rs-232 cable includes the required ground lead. there must be no v oltage dif ferential between the rs-232 ground and the po wer supply ground. 4. connect the po wer connector , making sure that the +5v goes to v+. t urn on the po wer: the module should come on and greet you with our compan y name and model number of the display . 1.4 setup f or t esting with a basic stamp when connecting the module to the basic stamp de v elopment board, you will need to purchase the appropriate cable or modify a cable accordingly . connection must be made via pins #2, #3 and #5 of the serial cable. 1. connect pin #2 to p0 2. connect pin #3 to p1 matrix orbital mos-al-202a 2
3. connect pin #5 to vss, which is ground t o connect the module with a de v elopment board, please see figure 2. f or code e xamples with the basic stamp, please see section 3.1. figure 2: interf acing to a basic stamp de v elopment board 1.5 t r ying out the mos-al-202a the unit should be connected to po wer as in section 1.3 . the pc and display should be on. t o e xper - iment with typing te xt, run a pc terminal program, such as hyperterm. mak e sure it' s congured to use the correct com port. set the baud rate to 19,200 as described in section 2.3. if characters are typed on the k e yboard, the y should no w appear on the display screen. t e xt will wrap around to the ne xt line when the end of a line has been reached. t o e x ercise some of the other features of the display , a program (in an y con v enient language such as basic or c) will need to be written in order to issue the required command strings. most terminal programs are unable to issue the 0xfe character needed as a command prex. 1.6 t ec hnical suppor t f or technical support re garding this module, please see the follo wing links pro vided: http://www .matrixorbital.com http://www .lcdforums.com/foru ms/ http://www .parallax.com/ matrix orbital mos-al-202a 3
2 connections 2.1 connector pinout refer to figure 3 for this section. gpo h ead er p o w er / d a t a c o n fi gu r a t i o n j u mp er s figure 3: electrical connections the display has four connectors as sho wn in t able 1. t able 1: connectors & functions connector function 10 pin dual header general purpose outputs (3) 4 pin po wer (5.0 vdc), data (rx, tx) and ground 3 pin header 9600 or 19200 baud selection 3 pin header rs232 or ttl communication selection matrix orbital mos-al-202a 4
2.1.1 p o wer connections po wer is applied via pin1 and ground via pin 4 as sho wn in figure 4. po wer requirement is +5 vdc 0.25v . as an alternate po wer connection, po wer may also be supplied via the ?ngers? located belo w the 4 pin po wer connector . w arnings do not apply an y po wer with re v ersed polarization. do not apply an y v oltage other than the specied v oltage. do not use an y cables other than the cables supplied by matrix orbital, unless a w are of the modications required. 1 2 3 4 pin 1 +5.0 vdc pin 2 rx pin 3 tx pin 4 ground figure 4: po wer connector 2.1.2 five v olt modules if the display is used in a pc it becomes tempting to plug a spare po wer connector into the unit. don't do this! w iring for the pc po wer connector and that required for the display are dif ferent as sho wn in the figure 5. matrix orbital mos-al-202a 5
figure 5: w iring for 5v modules w arning do no t under an y circumstances plugin an unmodied opp y po wer cable into the display . this will damage the display and v oid your w arranty . matrix orbital can supply an adapter cable designed for use with the display when it' s installed in a pc. the cable is wired as sho wn in the figure 6. figure 6: 5v po wer cable 2.2 comm unication connection the display communicates at 9600 or 19200 baud on rs232 or ttl le v els. data from the display is only sent when in ttl mode. the communication protocol is set up as follo ws: 8 data bits, no parity and 1 stop bit (8n1). matrix orbital mos-al-202a 6
2.2.1 rs-232 comm unications this unit is set to rs-232 communication at 19200 baud by f actory def ault. using the custom cable a v ailable for this module, the pc' s rx, tx and ground connections will be connected to the 4 pin header located on the module. t o mak e a custom for rs-232 communications, refer to t able 2 and figure 4. no tes this de vice complies with the eia232 standard in that it uses signal le v els from +/- 3v to +/- 12v . it will not operate correctly at ttl (0 to +5v) le v els without modication. a null modem cable will not w ork. w ith rs-232 communications, the display can only recei v e data, not transmit. t able 2: db9 pinout pin number dir ection description lcd host 2 data from lcd data out (lcd) tx rx 3 data to lcd data in (lcd) rx tx 5 - ground gnd gnd 1 2 3 4 pin 1 +5.0 vdc pin 2 rx pin 3 tx pin 4 ground figure 7: po wer/communication connector please see figure 8 for def ault rs-232 communication jumper settings. matrix orbital mos-al-202a 7
figure 8: rs-232 le v el selected (def ault) 2.2.2 ttl comm unications a pc is not to be used when ttl communication is established via a direct com port. note that this de vice uses signal le v els from 0v to + 5v on the ttl setting. one modication is required for ttl. the communication jumper has to be set to the ttl position. please see figure 9 for ttl conguration. figure 9: ttl selected f or ttl communication via the 4 pin connector , please see figure 4. 1 2 3 4 pin 1 +5.0 vdc pin 2 rx pin 3 tx pin 4 ground figure 10: po wer/communication connector no te data can be recei v ed from the display at ttl le v els, such as the module type and rmw are v ersion. matrix orbital mos-al-202a 8
2.3 set baud rates w ith this module you can only select between tw o baud rates. the baud rates a v ailable are 9600 or 19200 baud in 8n1 format. please see figure 11 on ho w to congure for each baud rate. (a) 9600 baud (b) 19200 baud figure 11: baud rate jumper 2.4 general purpose outputs the display has three general purpose outputs. these are pro vided to control relays or other electronic de vices. this allo ws e xternal de vices to be turned on or of f using the pc or controller and softw are com- mands. please see figure 13 for gpo pinout. matrix orbital mos-al-202a 9
vcc 1 23 + 5 v gn d figure 12: general purpose pinout each output is wired as sho wn in figure 13 . the + terminal is connected directly to the module positi v e supply , the - terminal is connected through a 240 ohm current limiting resistor and the electronic switch to ground. figure 13: general purpose outputs maximum allo w able current is 20 ma, which is enforced by the current limiting resistor . if the de vice being switched has a resistance of 240 ohms or more the corresponding resistor may be shorted. t o short the corresponding resistor , solder a small jumper wire (wire wrap wire is good) accross the resistor(s), or tak e the resistor(s) out and short the resistor pads. matrix orbital mos-al-202a 10
no te the gpos do not ha v e an y o v er current or o v er / under v oltage protection so care must be tak en when using them. f or instance if the e xternal de vice is a relay it must be fully clamped (using a diode and capacitor) to absorb an y generated back electro-moti v e force (emf). please refer to figure 14 on clamping a relay . figure 14: clamping a relay 3 issuing commands commands are issued to the display by the controller . in a test setup, commands can be issued to the display by means of a basic program, using the chr$( ) function. in the tables belo w , we' v e sho wn commands in he x, ascii and decimal form. all commands be gin with the prex character 0xfe (254 decimal). these commands are issued on the serial communications link (rs-232 or ttl) at the currently dened baud rate. f or e xample (using b asic in a test setup), the user could issue the command to clear the screen on the display by including the line:

!!"$# or , with c the user could (using zcomm serial library) %'&
())*,+,-.
/01&
(2))3
40
1*65'78
1:99;,())<=>@?
18"/7a1'7cb<
dfe1 %'&
())*,+,-.
/01&
(2))3
40
1*65'7
!:99;,())<=>@1'7cb<
dfe1a8
('cg'd1<'ihf11,=j %'&
())*,+,-.
/01&
(2))3
40
1*65'78
1:99;,())<=>@?
18"/7a1'7cb<
dfe1 %'&
())*,+,-.
/01&
(2))3
40
1*kmlnkop99;,())<=>aqr&stb<
de1u8
(,wv'd1<'ihf11,=v %'&
())*,+,-.
/01&
(2))3
40
1*6,p99;,())<=>@?
18"/7c>
1
/x)<
dyb<de1 %'&
())*,+,-.
/01&
(2))3
40
1*6!! 99;,())<=>u>
1
/x)<
dyb<de1u8
('zv,'d'1<'ihf
11,= v matrix orbital mos-al-202a 11
3.1 issuing commands fr om a basic stamp before issuing commands from a basic stamp, the module and the basic stamp must be set up to communicate in ttl at 9600 baud. please see section 2.3 and section 2.2.2 for setup congurations. sending te xt to the display: '{$st amp bs2} ser out 1, 84, ["hello w orld"] this will display hello w orld on your display . ser out : is the command to send serial information out 1 : is serial port #1 84 : is the speed at which the information is sent at, in this case 9600bps. sending a command to the display: '{$st amp bs2} ser out 1, 84, [254] 'command prex ser out 1, 84, [88] 'clear screen command in this e xample, the command to clear the screen is sent to the display . ev ery command requires a "command prex". w ith matrix orbital displays, that' s he x: fe, decimal: 254 and ascii: 254. properly sent, an y format can be used. decimal format w as used in this e xample. setting the backlight to go of f in 2 minutes: '{$st amp bs2} ser out 1, 84, [254] 'command prex ser out 1, 84, [66] 'backlight on command ser out 1, 84, [2] 'setting the number of minutes to be on t o permanently turn the backlight on, 0 w ould be sent as the third byte. when the display recei v es the command, it will kno w ho w man y more bytes of information it should get. in this `backlight on' case, the display kno ws to e xpect one more byte of information. creating a medium digit: '{$st amp bs2} digit v ar byte 'create the v ariables reps v ar nib digit = 0 'mak e sure the v ariables are 0 reps = 0 ser out 1, 84, [254] 'command prex ser out 1, 84, [88] 'clear screen command matrix orbital mos-al-202a 12
ser out 1, 84, [254] 'command prex ser out 1, 84, [109] 'initilize medium digits command for reps = 1 t o 10 'a loop to repeat it self 10 times ser out 1, 84, [254] 'command prex ser out 1, 84, [111] 'display medium digit command ser out 1, 84, [1] 'display medium digit in ro w 1 ser out 1, 84, [1] 'display medium digit in column 1 ser out 1, 84, [digit] 'display the medium digit digit = digit + 1 'incriment by 1 p a use 1000 '1 second pause to see the te xt nextst op these 8 custom characters are user dened and can be used ho we v er the user sees t. no te if medium digits are used, bar graps or user dened custom characters cannot be used at the same time. it has to be one or the other . 3.2 on number s lik e all computerized de vices, the display operates with commands and v alues in the form of binary numbers. these binary numbers are arranged in 8 digit (i.e., 8 bit) groups called bytes. the decimal v alue of a byte may ha v e an y v alue from 0 to 255. bytes are usually specied in either decimal or he xadecimal (base 16) form for con v enience, since binary numbers are confusing to deal with directly . he xadecimal (he x) numbers are particularly con v enient because e xactly tw o he xadecimal digits mak e up one byte, each he x digit representing 4 binary digits (4 bits) as sho wn in t able 3. t able 3: he x v alue t able binary hex decimal binary hex decimal 0000 0 0 1000 8 8 0001 1 1 1001 9 9 0010 2 2 1010 a 10 0011 3 3 1011 b 11 0100 4 4 1100 c 12 0101 5 5 1101 d 13 0110 6 6 1110 e 14 0111 7 7 1111 f 15 based on t able 3, the byte 01001011 can be represented in he x as 4b, which is usually written as an y of 4bh, 4bh, 4b he x or 0x4b. the numbers can also be e xpressed in decimal form if preferred. matrix orbital mos-al-202a 13
3.3 ascii character s since computers deal internally with numbers only , b ut e xternally with both letters and numbers, se v eral schemes were de v eloped to `map' written characters to numeric v alues. one such scheme has become uni v ersal, the american standard code for information interchange, or ascii. ascii tables are readily a v ailable from a number of sources. a fe w e xamples are sho wn in t able 4 t able 4: example of an ascii t able the letter a has a v alue of 65 decimal or 41 he x the letter a has a v alue of 97 decimal or 61 he x the number 0 has a v alue of 48 decimal or 30 he x the number 9 has a v alue of 57 decimal or 39 he x this gi v es rise to the possibility of confusion when parameters are being set on the display . f or e xample, the gpo on and off commands use a number to indicate which gpo is being controlled. w e' re told that acceptable v alues are 1 to 3. all such parameters must use numeric v alues (i.e., the actual byte v alues) . if we send the ascii number 0 by mistak e it will actually gi v e the v alue 48 decimal (30 he x) to the parameter , which is wrong. matrix orbital mos-al-202a 14
3.4 example command syntax he xadecimal 0xfe 0x6f [ro w] [column] [digit] decimal 254 111 [ro w] [column] [digit] ascii 254 ?o? [ro w] [column] [digit] p arameters p arameter size description ro w 1 the ro w number (0 - 2) column 1 the column number (1 - 16) digit 1 the digit to place (0 - 9) description dra ws a medium [digit] in the specied ro w and column. medium digits occup y tw o ro ws and a single column. when [ro w] is specied as `1', the medium digit will be displayed across the rst and second ro ws of the display . when [ro w] is specied as `2', only the top part of the medium digit will be visible on the second line of the display . when [ro w] is specied as `1', only the bottom part of the medium digit will be sho wn on the rst line of the display . before placing a medium digit, it is advised that you should initialize the custom characters with the "initialize medium digits" command. remembered no examples placing a medium digit on the screen: 07'[q0\#h,1,=
>'3
401$5,7]^ :99;,())<,=>_?18s/7 07'[q0\#h,1,=
>'3
401$`a)bk :99i/= /0s/<
d/fc1d)1>"/e,)i>s/es/0sh 07'[q0\#h,1,=
>'3
401$5,7]^ :99;,())<,=>_?18s/7 07'[q0\#h,1,=
>'3
401$`f(*k :99@?"d<1t)1>s/e)i>s/e/0g,())<,=> 07'[q0\#h,1,=
>'3
401$,h99a?"d'<,1@01c>s/es/0i(,=j01u8s/sh0i<,=>gh,1,(,=
>a(,k 07'[q0\#h,1,=
>'3
401$h99a?"d'<,1@01c>s/es/0g/=j01;h,1,(=>;,(
de)= 07'[q0\#h,1,=
>'3
401$lh99a?"d'<,1u w arning it is not recommended to lea v e the remember function ac- ti v e. w ith it acti v e, it is v ery easy to reach the maximum write limit of the non-v olatile memory which will cause the unit to malfunction. examples if the e xamples section is present, it will demonstrate the basic usage of the command. 4 t e xt commands 4.1 intr oduction when the display recei v es a character , it displays that character at the position currently dened. the ne xt character sent to the module then adv ances to the follo wing position on the display . characters are dra wn using the b uilt in font, and only characters dened in the font are actually displayed. characters that are not dened by the b uilt in font print as a space (i.e., the cursor is adv anced for the ne xt character). the position where te xt is to be inserted is a character location stored in the display' s v olatile memory and maintained internally by the display' s rmw are. the commands in this section perform v arious functions that in v olv e ho w te xt is presented on the display . t o display straight te xt, send equi v alent ascii, he x or decimal v alue of the appropriate character . t e xt is displayed on the mos-al-202 using the b uilt in 5x8 dot matrix font. in addition, there are up to 8 user dened characters. 4.2 the built in character font the display includes a b uilt in 5x8 dot matrix font with the full range of ascii characters plus a v ariety of e xtended characters, as sho wn in the figure belo w . matrix orbital mos-al-202a 16
figure 15: character set 4.3 command list 4.3.1 a uto line wrap on syntax he xadecimal 0xfe 0x43 decimal 254 67 ascii 254 ?c? description enables automatic line wrapping. note that this is not ?w ord wrapping? and wraps may occur in the middle of a w ord. matrix orbital mos-al-202a 17
remembered y es 4.3.2 a uto line wrap off syntax he xadecimal 0xfe 0x44 decimal 254 68 ascii 254 ?d? description disables automatic line wrapping. characters be yond the end of a line will be lost. remembered y es 4.3.3 set cur sor p osition syntax he xadecimal 0xfe 0x47 [column] [ro w] decimal 254 71 [column] [ro w] ascii 254 ?g? [column] [ro w] p arameters p arameter size description column 1 the column number (1 - 20) ro w 1 the ro w number (1 - 2) description this command sets the cursor position (te xt insertion point) to the [col- umn] and [ro w] specied. columns ha v e v alues from 1 to 20 and ro ws ha v e v alues from 1 to 2. remembered no 4.3.4 send cur sor home syntax he xadecimal 0xfe 0x48 decimal 254 72 ascii 254 ?h? description this command mo v es the cursor position (te xt insertion point) to the top left of the display area. remembered no matrix orbital mos-al-202a 18
4.3.5 t urn on underline cur sor syntax he xadecimal 0xfe 0x4a decimal 254 74 ascii 254 ?j? description t urns on the underline cursor . the cursor sho ws the current te xt insertion point. both blinking block and underline cursors may be turned on or of f independently . the cursor is of f by def ault. remembered y es 4.3.6 t urn off underline cur sor syntax he xadecimal 0xfe 0x4b decimal 254 75 ascii 254 ?k? description t urns of f the underline cursor . does not af fect the underline cursor . remembered y es 4.3.7 cur sor left syntax he xadecimal 0xfe 0x4c decimal 254 76 ascii 254 ?l ? description mo v es the cursor one position to the left b ut does not erase an y character that may be in that position. note that this command mo v es the te xt insertion point e v en if the cursor is turned of f. no te a ?destructi v e backspace?, which erases the character to the left of the original position, may be done by issuing the follo wing sequence: cursor left, space, cursor left. remembered no matrix orbital mos-al-202a 19
4.3.8 cur sor right syntax he xadecimal 0xfe 0x4d decimal 254 77 ascii 254 ?m? description mo v es the cursor one position to the right b ut does not erase an y charac- ter that may be in that position. note that this command mo v es the te xt insertion point e v en if the cursor is turned of f. remembered no 4.3.9 a uto scr oll on syntax he xadecimal 0xfe 0x51 decimal 254 81 ascii 254 ?q? description when auto scrolling is on, it causes the display to shift the entire display' s contents up to mak e room for a ne w line of te xt when the te xt reaches the scroll position (the bottom right character position). remembered y es 4.3.10 a uto scr oll off syntax he xadecimal 0xfe 0x52 decimal 254 82 ascii 254 ?r? description when auto scrolling is disabled, te xt will wrap to the top left corner of the display area. existing te xt in the display area is not erased before ne w te xt is placed. a series of spaces follo wed by a ?cursor home? command may be used to erase the top line of te xt. remembered y es 4.3.11 t urn on blinking bloc k cur sor matrix orbital mos-al-202a 20
syntax he xadecimal 0xfe 0x53 decimal 254 83 ascii 254 ?s? description t urns on the blinking block cursor . the cursor sho ws the current te xt insertion point. both blinking block and underline cursors may be turned on or of f independently . the cursor is of f by def ault. remembered y es 4.3.12 t urn off blinking bloc k cur sor syntax he xadecimal 0xfe 0x54 decimal 254 84 ascii 254 ?t? description t urns of f the blinking block cursor . does not af fect the underline cursor . remembered y es 4.3.13 clear displa y syntax he xadecimal 0xfe 0x58 decimal 254 88 ascii 254 ?x? description this command clears the display and resets the te xt insertion point to the top left of the screen. remembered no 5 bar graphs and special character s 5.1 intr oduction the display includes the ability to dra w bar graphs (either horizontal or v ertical) and allo ws users to dene up to eight special characters. eight characters (ascii v alues 0x00 to 0x07) are set aside for use with bar graphs, user dened char - acters, and lar ge and medium sized numbers. since the same 8 characters are used for each function, the functions may not be used simultaneously . the characters may be dened or redened at an y time by issuing matrix orbital mos-al-202a 21
commands sho wn in this section. once dened, the y may be used either by means of the bar graph com- mands, or by simply issuing one of the ascii v alues 0x00 to 0x07, which are not prex ed by the command byte, 254. 5.2 command list 5.2.1 dra w v er tical bar graph syntax he xadecimal 0xfe 0x3d [column] [height] decimal 254 61 [column] [height] ascii 254 ?=? [column] [height] p arameters p arameter size description column 1 the column number (1 - 20) height 1 the height v alue (0 - 16) description dra ws a v ertical bar graph in [column] ha ving a height of [height] pix els. the height may range from 0 to 16 pix els. the necessary characters must be rst initialized by either of the commands initialize w ide v ertical bar graph (254 118), initialize narro w v ertical bar graph (254 115) or dene custom characters (254 78). the said commands will determine the width of the v ertical graph dra wn. graphs may be erased by dra wing a bar graph of height = 0 in the same column. remembered no 5.2.2 load star tup screen syntax he xadecimal 0xfe 0x40 [characters] decimal 254 64 [characters] ascii 254 ?@? [characters] p arameters p arameter size description characters 40 an y character to be dened by the user . matrix orbital mos-al-202a 22
description this command sets and memorizes the startup screen that will appear each time the display is po wered on. by def ault the screen sho ws: matrix orbital mos-al-202 the 40 characters dene the tw o 20 character ro ws of the screen. if sending more than 10 characters to be stored, add in about 10ms per character delay . predened custom characters can also be used in the startup screen, by using 0x00 through 0x07 characters. character 1 ........ 20 cahracter 21 ....... 40 remembered al w ays 5.2.3 dene custom character syntax he xadecimal 0xfe 0x4e [address] [deniton] decimal 254 78 [address] [deniton] ascii 254 ?n? [address] [deniton] p arameters p arameter size description address 1 the address (0x00 to 0x07) deniton 8 the character denition matrix orbital mos-al-202a 23
description the display allo ws up to 8 user dened (custom) characters. these char - acters occup y the rst 8 (0x00 to 0x07) places in the character set. . built-in and custom characters occup y a 5x8 pix el matrix. a character is dened by issuing the command 254 78 [c] follo wed by 8 bytes to dene each pix el ro w for the cahracter . [c] is the character number (0x00 to 0x07). the 8 bytes are mapped as sho wn: msb lsb * * * 1 2 3 4 5 data byte 1 * * * 6 7 8 9 10 data byte 2 * * * 11 12 13 14 15 data byte 3 * * * 16 17 18 19 20 data byte 4 * * * 21 22 23 24 25 data byte 5 * * * 26 27 28 29 30 data byte 6 * * * 31 32 33 34 35 data byte 7 * * * 36 37 38 39 40 data byte 8 a `1' bit indicates an on (black) pix el, a `0' bit indicates an of f (clear) pix el. once dened, a character is displayed simply by issuing a v alue (0x00 to 0x07) corresponding to the character number . the character will be laid out as follo ws: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 cursor line no te custom characters will be erased if an y of the ?initialize? commands in this sec- tion are issued after dening the custom characters, e.g. initialize horizontal bar graph, initialize medium digits. remembered no matrix orbital mos-al-202a 24
examples dening a de gree symbol: txuart.sendbyte(0xfe); // command prex txuart.sendbyte('n'); // custom character command txuart.sendbyte(0x00); // custom character v alue 0-7 txuart.sendbyte(12); // 8 bytes to create txuart.sendbyte(18); // de gree symbol txuart.sendbyte(18);txuart.sendbyte(12); txuart.sendbyte(0); txuart.sendbyte(0); txuart.sendbyte(0); txuart.sendbyte(0); t o display the character dened: txuart.sendbyte(0x00); // display custom character 0 5.2.4 initializ e horizontal bar graph syntax he xadecimal 0xfe 0x68 decimal 254 104 ascii 254 ?h? description this command denes the 8 special / user characters to be blocks suitable for use in dra wing horizontal bar graphs. an y pre viously e xisting de- nitions will be lost. once this command has been issued, an y number of horizontal bar graphs may be dra wn unless the characters are re-dened by another command. remembered no 5.2.5 initializ e medium digits syntax he xadecimal 0xfe 0x6d decimal 254 109 ascii 254 ?m? description this command denes the 8 special / user characters to be lines suitable for use in dra wing medium digits. an y pre viously e xisting denitions will be lost. once this command has been issued, an y number of medium digits may be dra wn unless the characters are re-dened by another com- mand. matrix orbital mos-al-202a 25
remembered no 5.2.6 dra w medium digits syntax he xadecimal 0xfe 0x6f [ro w] [column] [digit] decimal 254 111 [ro w] [column] [digit] ascii 254 ?o? [ro w] [column] [digit] p arameters p arameter size description ro w 1 the ro w number (0 - 2) column 1 the column number (1 - 20) digit 1 digit (0 - 9) description dra ws a medium [digit] in the specied ro w and column. medium digits occup y tw o ro ws and a single column. when [ro w] is specied as `1', the medium digit will be displayed across the rst and second ro ws of the display . when [ro w] is specied as `2', only the top part of the medium digit will be visible on the second line of the display . when [ro w] is specied as `1', only the bottom part of the medium digit will be sho wn on the rst line of the display . before placing a medium digit, it is advised that you should initialize the custom characters with the "initialize medium digits" command. remembered no examples placing a medium digit on the screen: txuart.sendbyte(0xfe); // command prex txuart.sendbyte(`m'); // initialize medium digits txuart.sendbyte(0xfe); // command prex txuart.sendbyte(`o'); // place medium digit txuart.sendbyte(1); // place the digit on the rst and second ro ws txuart.sendbyte(2); // place digit in the second column txuart.sendbyte(3); // place a `3' on the screen 5.2.7 initializ e narr o w v er tical bar graph syntax he xadecimal 0xfe 0x73 decimal 254 115 ascii 254 ?s? matrix orbital mos-al-202a 26
description this command denes the 8 special / user characters to be blocks suitable for use in dra wing narro w (2 pix el) v ertical bar graphs. an y pre viously e xisting denitions will be lost. once this command has been issued, an y number of v ertical bar graphs may be dra wn unless the characters are re-dened by another command. remembered no 5.2.8 initializ e wide v er tical bar graph syntax he xadecimal 0xfe 0x76 decimal 254 118 ascii 254 ?v? description this command denes the 8 special / user characters to be blocks suitable for use in dra wing wide (5 pix el) v ertical bar graphs. an y pre viously e xisting denitions will be lost. once this command has been issued, an y number of v ertical bar graphs may be dra wn unless the characters are re-dened by another command. remembered no 5.2.9 dra w horizontal bar graph syntax he xadecimal 0xfe 0x7c [column] [ro w] [dir] [length] decimal 254 124 [column] [ro w] [dir] [length] ascii 254 ?|? [column] [ro w] [dir] [length] p arameters p arameter size description column 1 the column number (1 - 20) ro w 1 the ro w number (1 - 2) dir 1 the direction v alue (0 or 1) length 1 the length (0 - 100) description dra ws a horizontal bar graph in [ro w] starting at [column] with a length of [length] pix els. [ro w] may ha v e a v alue of 1 or 2, [column] may range from 1 to 20 and length may be from 0 to 100 if the graph can e xtend the full width of the screen. each column is 5 pix els wide (spaces between the columns do not count). [dir] species the direction: 0 goes from left to right, 1 or an y other v alues go from right to left. remembered no matrix orbital mos-al-202a 27
5.2.10 remember custom character syntax he xadecimal 0xfe 0xc2 [address] [deniton] decimal 254 194 [address] [deniton] p arameters p arameter size description address 1 the address (0x00 to 0x07) deniton 8 the character denition description this command will store a custom character . most common use of this command is to dene characters for the startup screen. this command does not af fect or alter the current custom characters that ha v e been ini- tialized or dened. the syntax is identical to the command dene cus- tom character 254 78. remembered al w ays 6 displa y functions 6.1 intr oduction the commands listed in this chapter are functions of the display such as contrast, brightness and start up screens.6.2 command list 6.2.1 bac klight on syntax he xadecimal 0xfe 0x42 [minutes] decimal 254 66 [minutes] ascii 254 ?b? [minutes] p arameters p arameter size description minutes 1 backlight v alue (0 to 90) matrix orbital mos-al-202a 28
description this command turns the backlight on for [minutes], with [minutes] max- imum v alue of 90. if [minutes] is set to zero (0), the backlight will ne v er turn of f. when this command is sent while the remember function is on, it will be remembered. e.g. this command is sent with a v alue of 1 for [minutes] and remember is on. when the po wer is c ycled, the module will remember to turn of f backlight after 1 minute. no te the f actory def ault for backlight is on remembered y es 6.2.2 bac klight off syntax he xadecimal 0xfe 0x46 decimal 254 70 ascii 254 ?f? description this command turns the backlight of f. when this command is sent while the remember function is on, it will be remembered. when po wer is c ycled, the module will remember to turn of f backlight. remembered y es 6.2.3 set contrast syntax he xadecimal 0xfe 0x50 [contrast] decimal 254 80 [contrast] ascii 254 ?p? [contrast] p arameters p arameter size description contrast 1 contrast v alue (0 to 255) matrix orbital mos-al-202a 29
description this command sets the display' s contrast to [contrast], where [contrast] is a v alue between 0x00 and 0xff (between 0 to 255). lo wer v alues cause `on' elements in the display area to appear lighter , while higher v alues cause `on' elements to appear dark er . lighting conditions will af fect the actual v alue used for optimal vie wing. indi vidual display modules will also dif fer slightly from each other in appearance. in addition, v alues for optimal vie wing while the display backlight is on may dif fer from v alues used when backlight is of f. this command does not sa v e the [contrast] v alue, and is lost after po wer do wn; b ut this command has the option of remembering the settings when issued with the remember function `on' . when this is the case, this command acts lik e the set and sa v e contrast command 254 145. remembered y es 6.2.4 set and sa ve contrast syntax he xadecimal 0xfe 0x91 [contrast] decimal 254 145 [contrast] p arameters p arameter size description contrast 1 the contrast setting (0 to 255) description this command w orks in e xactly the same w ay as the ?set contrast? com- mand when sent with the remember function on. when this command is sent, not only does it set the contrast with [contrast] v alue, b ut also sa v es this v alue in the non-v olatile memory so that at po wer c ycle, this setting is restored. remembered al w ays 6.2.5 set and sa ve bac klight brightness syntax he xadecimal 0xfe 0x98 [backlight] decimal 254 152 [backlight] p arameters p arameter size description backlight 1 backlight setting (0 to 255) description this commands sets and sa v es [brightness] as def ault. matrix orbital mos-al-202a 30
remembered al w ays 6.2.6 set bac klight brightness syntax he xadecimal 0xfe 0x99 [backlight] decimal 254 153 [backlight] p arameters p arameter size description backlight 1 backlight setting (0 to 255) description this command sets the backlight settings according to [backlight] remembered y es 7 gpo functions 7.1 intr oduction the commands listed in this chapter describe the functionality and control of the general purpose outputs. 7.2 command list 7.2.1 general purpose output off syntax he xadecimal 0xfe 0x56 [gpo#] decimal 254 86 [gpo#] ascii 254 ?v? [gpo#] p arameters p arameter size description gpo# 1 gpo number is from (1 - 3) description this command turns off an y of the general purpose outputs. [gpo#] is from 1 to 3. note that off means that the output oats. remembered y es 7.2.2 general purpose output on matrix orbital mos-al-202a 31
syntax he xadecimal 0xfe 0x57 [gpo#] decimal 254 87 [gpo#] ascii 254 ?w? [gpo#] p arameters p arameter size description gpo# 1 gpo number is from (1 - 3) description this command turns on an y of the general purpose outputs. [gpo#] is from 1 to 3. note that on means that the output is pulled lo w (ground via 240 ohms). remembered y es 7.2.3 remember gpo syntax he xadecimal 0xfe 0xc3 [gpo#] [state] decimal 254 195 [gpo#] [state] p arameters p arameter size description gpo# 1 gpo number (1 - 3) state 1 state (0 or 1) description this command will set the startup state for indi vidual gpos . when the de vice is po wered up the ne xt time, the gpos will be set to the v alues from this command. this command does not af fect the current state of the gpos , only at po wer up. remembered al w ays 8 comm unications section 8.1 intr oduction the commands listed in this chapter describe ho w to congure data o w on the rs232 and ttl port. the display has b uilt in o w control which may be useful when long strings of te xt are do wnloaded to the display . flo w control is enabled or disabled by tw o commands. if o w control is enabled, the display will return an "almost full" message (0xfe) to the controller when its internal b uf fer lls to a dened le v el, and an "almost empty" message (0xff) when the b uf fer contents drop to a dened le v el. matrix orbital mos-al-202a 32
8.2 command list 8.2.1 enter flo w contr ol mode syntax he xadecimal 0xfe 0x3a [full] [empty] decimal 254 58 [full] [empty] ascii 254 ?:? [full] [empty] p arameters p arameter size description full 1 the full byte number (0 to 80) empty 1 the empty byte number (0 to 80) description this command enables o w control. when the b uf fer lls so that only [full] bytes are a v ailable, the display will return an ?almost full? mes- sage (0xfe) to the host controller . when the b uf fer empties so that only [empty] bytes remain, the display will return an ?almost empty? message (0xff) to the host controller . the display will return the ?almost full? message for e v ery byte sent to the display until the used b uf fer space once more drops belo w the [full] le v el. whether the user is in `o w control mode' or not, the module will ignore display or command bytes which w ould o v errun the b uf fer . while in `o w control mode' the unit will return 0xfe when b uf fer is almost full e v en though it may ha v e already thro wn rejected data a w ay . the b uf fer size for the display is 80 bytes. when using this command in an application, selection of the v alue for the b uf fer [full] should be considered v ery carefully . this is a critical aspect to be able to use this feature to it' s full potential. when using a host system or pc which contains a fifo, the user should set the v alue of [full] equal to or greater than the size of the fifo. the reason for this is that the fifo may be full when the host system recei v es 0xfe. in the case of 16550 u ar t the size at its maximum is 16, therefore the v alue of [full] should be set to 16 or greater . remembered no 8.2.2 exit flo w contr ol mode syntax he xadecimal 0xfe 0x3b decimal 254 59 ascii 254 ?;? matrix orbital mos-al-202a 33
description this command turns of f o w control. bytes may o v ero w the b uf fer without w arning. remembered no 9 miscellaneous commands 9.1 intr oduction the commands listed in this chapter don' t readily t in an y of the other cate gories. 9.2 command list 9.2.1 set serial number syntax he xadecimal 0xfe 0x34 [serial] decimal 254 52 [serial] ascii 254 ?4? [serial] p arameters p arameter size description serial 2 the ne w serial number . description modules may be deli v ered with the serial number blank. in this case the user may set the desired 2 byte serial number using this one time only command.the serial number may be set only once. an y future attempt to e x ecute this command will result to no change; the module will return to the originally set serial number . remembered al w ays 9.2.2 read serial number syntax he xadecimal 0xfe 0x35 decimal 254 53 ascii 254 ?5? description this command will return the serial number of the module as it w as pre- viously set. this command will return a 2 byte he xadecimal number . this command is only a v ailable in ttl mode. matrix orbital mos-al-202a 34
remembered no 9.2.3 read v er sion number syntax he xadecimal 0xfe 0x36 decimal 254 54 ascii 254 ?6? description this command will return the rmw are v ersion number of the module. this command is only a v ailable in ttl mode. remembered no 9.2.4 read module t ype syntax he xadecimal 0xfe 0x37 decimal 254 55 ascii 254 ?7? description this command will return the model type v alue of the module. this command is only a v ailable in ttl mode. v alues for v arious modules at the time of this publication are as follo ws: lcd0821 - 0x01 lcd2021 - 0x03 lcd2041 - 0x05 lcd4021 - 0x06 lcd4041 - 0x07 lk202-25 - 0x08 lk204-25 - 0x09 lk404-55 - 0x0a vfd2021 - 0x0b vfd2041 - 0x0c vfd4021 - 0x0d vk202-25 - 0x0e vk204-25 - 0x0f glc12232 - 0x10 glc24064 - 0x13 glk24064-25 - 0x15 glk12232-25 - 0x22 glk12232-25-sm - 0x24 lk404-a t - 0x31 mos-a v -162a - 0x32 lk402-12 - 0x33 lk162-12 - 0x34 lk204-25pc - 0x35 lk202-24-usb - 0x36 vk202-24-usb - 0x37 lk204-24-usb - 0x38 vk204-24-usb 0x39 pk162-12 - 0x3a vk162-12 - 0x3b mos-ap-162a - 0x3c pk202-25 - 0x3d mos-al-162a - 0x3e mos-al-202a - 0x3f mos-a v -202a - 0x40 mos-ap-202a - 0x41 pk202-24-usb - 0x42 remembered no 9.2.5 remember matrix orbital mos-al-202a 35
syntax he xadecimal 0xfe 0x93 [v alue] decimal 254 147 [v alue] p arameters p arameter size description v alue 1 v alue (0 or 1) description [v alue] species remember functionality; if set to 0, remember is of f and if set to a non-zero v alue, remember is on. this command allo ws a number of settings, such as cursor state, backlight, etc. to automatically be stored to non-v olatile memory so the y become ne w def aults. if an y of the follo wing commands are sent and the remember function is `on', the y will be automatically remembered: auto line wrap on/of f auto scroll on/of f backlight on/of f set backlight brightness set contrast general purpose output on/of f t urn on/of f block (blinking) cursor t urn on/of f underline cursor set backlight/pled brightness in the command summary , the abo v e commands are mark ed with `r' which denotes that remember function af fects the command. no te writing to non-v olatile memory is time consuming and slo ws do wn the operation of the display . w arning non-v olatile memory has a `write limit' and may only be changed ap- proximately 100,000 times. remembered al w ays matrix orbital mos-al-202a 36
10 command summar y 10.1 t e xt commands description syntax p age set cursor position he xadecimal 0xfe 0x47 [column] [ro w] decimal 254 71 [column] [ro w] ascii 254 ?g? [column] [ro w] 18 send cursor home he xadecimal 0xfe 0x48 decimal 254 72 ascii 254 ?h? 18 t urn on underline cursor he xadecimal 0xfe 0x4a decimal 254 74 ascii 254 ?j? 19 t urn of f underline cur - sor he xadecimal 0xfe 0x4b decimal 254 75 ascii 254 ?k? 19 cursor left he xadecimal 0xfe 0x4c decimal 254 76 ascii 254 ?l ? 19 cursor right he xadecimal 0xfe 0x4d decimal 254 77 ascii 254 ?m? 20 t urn on blinking block cursor he xadecimal 0xfe 0x53 decimal 254 83 ascii 254 ?s? 20 t urn of f blinking block cursor he xadecimal 0xfe 0x54 decimal 254 84 ascii 254 ?t? 21 clear display he xadecimal 0xfe 0x58 decimal 254 88 ascii 254 ?x? 21 auto line wrap on he xadecimal 0xfe 0x43 decimal 254 67 ascii 254 ?c? 17 matrix orbital mos-al-202a 37
description syntax p age auto line wrap of f he xadecimal 0xfe 0x44 decimal 254 68 ascii 254 ?d? 18 auto scroll on he xadecimal 0xfe 0x51 decimal 254 81 ascii 254 ?q? 20 auto scroll of f he xadecimal 0xfe 0x52 decimal 254 82 ascii 254 ?r? 20 10.2 bar graphs and special character s description syntax p age load startup screen he xadecimal 0xfe 0x40 [characters] decimal 254 64 [characters] ascii 254 ?@? [characters] 22 initialize w ide v ertical bar graph he xadecimal 0xfe 0x76 decimal 254 118 ascii 254 ?v? 27 initialize horizontal bar graph he xadecimal 0xfe 0x68 decimal 254 104 ascii 254 ?h? 25 initialize narro w v ertical bar graph he xadecimal 0xfe 0x73 decimal 254 115 ascii 254 ?s? 26 dra w v ertical bar graph he xadecimal 0xfe 0x3d [column] [height] decimal 254 61 [column] [height] ascii 254 ?=? [column] [height] 22 dra w horizontal bar graph he xadecimal 0xfe 0x7c [column] [ro w] [dir] [length] decimal 254 124 [column] [ro w] [dir] [length] ascii 254 ?|? [column] [ro w] [dir] [length] 27 initialize medium digits he xadecimal 0xfe 0x6d decimal 254 109 ascii 254 ?m? 25 matrix orbital mos-al-202a 38
description syntax p age dra w medium digits he xadecimal 0xfe 0x6f [ro w] [column] [digit] decimal 254 111 [ro w] [column] [digit] ascii 254 ?o? [ro w] [column] [digit] 26 dene custom character he xadecimal 0xfe 0x4e [address] [deniton] decimal 254 78 [address] [deniton] ascii 254 ?n? [address] [deniton] 23 remember custom char - acter he xadecimal 0xfe 0xc2 [address] [deniton] decimal 254 194 [address] [deniton] 28 10.3 displa y functions description syntax p age backlight on he xadecimal 0xfe 0x42 [minutes] decimal 254 66 [minutes] ascii 254 ?b? [minutes] 28 backlight of f he xadecimal 0xfe 0x46 decimal 254 70 ascii 254 ?f? 29 set contrast he xadecimal 0xfe 0x50 [contrast] decimal 254 80 [contrast] ascii 254 ?p? [contrast] 29 set backlight brightness he xadecimal 0xfe 0x99 [backlight] decimal 254 153 [backlight] 31 set and sa v e contrast he xadecimal 0xfe 0x91 [contrast] decimal 254 145 [contrast] 30 set and sa v e backlight brightness he xadecimal 0xfe 0x98 [backlight] decimal 254 152 [backlight] 30 10.4 gpo functions description syntax p age general purpose output on he xadecimal 0xfe 0x57 [gpo#] decimal 254 87 [gpo#] ascii 254 ?w? [gpo#] 31 matrix orbital mos-al-202a 39
description syntax p age general purpose output of f he xadecimal 0xfe 0x56 [gpo#] decimal 254 86 [gpo#] ascii 254 ?v? [gpo#] 31 remember gpo he xadecimal 0xfe 0xc3 [gpo#] [state] decimal 254 195 [gpo#] [state] 32 10.5 comm unications section description syntax p age enter flo w control mode he xadecimal 0xfe 0x3a [full] [empty] decimal 254 58 [full] [empty] ascii 254 ?:? [full] [empty] 33 exit flo w control mode he xadecimal 0xfe 0x3b decimal 254 59 ascii 254 ?;? 33 10.6 miscellaneous commands description syntax p age read serial number he xadecimal 0xfe 0x35 decimal 254 53 ascii 254 ?5? 34 read module t ype he xadecimal 0xfe 0x37 decimal 254 55 ascii 254 ?7? 35 read v ersion number he xadecimal 0xfe 0x36 decimal 254 54 ascii 254 ?6? 35 set serial number he xadecimal 0xfe 0x34 [serial] decimal 254 52 [serial] ascii 254 ?4? [serial] 34 remember he xadecimal 0xfe 0x93 [v alue] decimal 254 147 [v alue] 35 matrix orbital mos-al-202a 40
11 appendix: specications and options 11.1 specications t able 50: en vironmental specications standard t emperature operating t emperature 0 c to +50 c storage t emperature -20 c to +70 c operating relati v e humidity 90% max non-condensing t able 51: electrical specications supply v oltage 4.75 - 5.25vdc supply current 9 ma typical supply backlight current 115 ma typical t able 52: optical characteristics number of characters 40(20 characters by 2 lines) matrix format 5 x 8 with underline display area 82.2 x 18.20 mm xxy character size 3.20 x 5.55 mm (xxy), not including underline character pitch 3.7 mm line pitch 5.95 mm dot size 0.60 x 0.65 mm (xxy) dot pitch 0.65 x 0.70 mm (xxy) led backlight life 100,000 hours typical color of illumination y ello w green, ice blue, in v erse red, in v erse y ello w and in v erse blue matrix orbital mos-al-202a 41
figure 16: physical layout matrix orbital mos-al-202a 42
11.2 options - - - mos a l 20 2 w b s 5 ma trix orbita l serial display f or ma t a a lpha n u m e r i c g g r a p hic display t ype l l cd v vfd p p l ed c ol u m n s 16 16 c o lum ns 20 20 c o lum ns r o w s 2 2 r o w s display si z e a s t a n d ar d s i z e b a ck li gh t c olor w w hi t e a a m b er b b lue r r e d y y ell o w / g r e e n g g r e e n n n on e t e x t c olor w w hi t e a a m b er r r e d y y e l l o w / g r e e n g g r e e n t b l ue / g r e e n x b l ac k n n on e v olta g e 5 5 v o l t t emper a t u r e r a n g e s s t a n d ar d i i n d u s t r i a l a fo n t set e e ur o p e a n r r u ss ia n j j a p a n e s e e figure 17: p art number classication matrix orbital mos-al-202a 43
12 appendix: glossar y t able 53: appendix: glossary ascii american standard code for information interchange. a 7 bit binary code representing the english alpha- bet, decimal numbers and common punctuation marks. also includes control characters such as carriage re- turn or end of te xt. an 8 bit superset of the standard ascii codes is often used today to include foreign characters and other symbols. these supersets are of- ten called e xtended ascii character sets. backlight a backlit display is illuminated from behind to pro vide nighttime and impro v ed daytime readability . binary number the (data and signaling) bit transmission rate of an rs- 232 de vice. bit a number written using binary notation which only uses zeros and ones. bitmap a representation, consisting of ro ws and columns of dots, of a graphics image in computer memory . the v alue of each dot (whether it is lled in or not) is stored in one or more bits of data. byte a grouping of eight binary bits ccfl cold cathode fluorescent lamp. a high brightness backlighting source consists of a uorescent tube po w- ered by a high v oltage a.c. source. conguration the w ay a system is set up, or the assortment of com- ponents that mak e up the system. conguration can refer to either hardw are or softw are, or the combina- tion of both. contrast the ratio of luminance between the light state of the display to the dark state of the display . contr oller the micro-controller or pc used to control the matrix orbital display unit. db-9 the designation of a connector used in the rs-232 in- terf ace: 9 pin connector firmwar e softw are (programs or data) that has been written onto read-only memory (r om). firmw are is a combina- tion of softw are and hardw are. r oms, pr oms and epr oms and ash eepr oms that ha v e data or pro- grams recorded on them are rmw are. matrix orbital mos-al-202a 44
f ont a design for a set of characters. a font is the combina- tion of typef ace and other qualities, such as size, pitch, and spacing. f ont metric a denition of where font is to be placed, such as mar - gins and spacing between characters and lines. hexadecimal refers to the base-16 number system, which consists of 16 unique symbols: the numbers 0 to 9 and the let- ters a to f . f or e xample, the decimal number 15 is represented as f in the he xadecimal numbering sys- tem. the he xadecimal system is useful because it can represent e v ery byte (8 bits) as tw o consecuti v e he x- adecimal digits. it is easier for humans to read he x- adecimal numbers than binary numbers. i 2 c short for inter -ic, a type of b us designed by phillips semiconductors in the early 1980s, which is used to connect inte grated circuits (ics). i 2 c is a multi-master b us, which means that multiple chips can be connected to the same b us and each one can act as a master by initiating a data transfer . interface a means by which tw o systems interact. lcd liquid crystal display module t ype v alue this refers to the model number of the module. pled polymer light emitting diode. polymers are sub- stances formed by a chemical reaction in which tw o or more molecules combine to form lar ger molecules. pleds are thin lm displays that are created by sand- wiching an undoped conjugated polymer between tw o proper electrodes at a short distance. the polymer emits light when e xposed to electricity . pixel the smallest indi vidually controllable element of a display . pr e-generated f onts pre-determined fonts which can be do wnloaded into graphic liquid crystal displays. primiti v e a lo w-le v el object or operation from which higher - le v el, more comple x objects and operations can be constructed. in graphics, primiti v es are basic elements, such as lines, curv es, and polygons, which you can combine to create more comple x graphical images. rs-232 short for recommended standard-232c, a standard in- terf ace appro v ed by the electronic industries associa- tion (eia) for connecting serial de vices. scr oll t o vie w consecuti v e lines of data on the display screen. the term scroll means that once the screen is full, each ne w line appears at the bottom edge of the screen and all other lines mo v e up one position. matrix orbital mos-al-202a 45
serial number a number that is one of a series and is used for identi- cation of the module. serial p ort a port, or interf ace, that can be used for serial commu- nication, in which only 1 bit is transmitted at a time. v ersion number this refers to the rmw are re vision number of the module. vfd v acuum fluorescent display v olatile memory t emporary memory . once the po wer supply is turned of f v olatile memory is then erased. matrix orbital mos-al-202a 46

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